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Pandoc

lastmod 2026-03-27created 2023-11-2227 edits

Pandoc is a free and open-source document converter, widely used as a writing tool especially by scholars, and as a foundation for publishing workflows. It was developed by John MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

Categories

Installation 

sudo apt install pandoc

If you want to use --pdf-engine=xelatex: 

sudo apt install texlive-xetex
## OR
sudo apt install texlive-full

How to apply a PDF Engine 

#!/usr/bin/env bash

ROOT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" || exit; pwd)

INPUT="$ROOT_DIR/MANUAL.ko.md"
OUTPUT="$ROOT_DIR/MANUAL.ko.pdf"

if ! command -v pandoc &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Not found pandoc command" 1>&2
    echo "Please install the 'pandoc' package" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

if [[ ! -f "$INPUT" ]]; then
    echo "Not found input file: '$INPUT'" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

if ! command -v xelatex &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Not found xelatex command" 1>&2
    echo "Please install the 'texlive-xetex' and 'latex-cjk-all' package" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

pandoc "$INPUT" \
    -f markdown \
    -t pdf \
    --pdf-engine=xelatex \
    -V mainfont="NanumGothic" \
    -V CJKmainfont="NanumGothic" \
    -o "$OUTPUT"

xelatex not found

The following error may occur:

xelatexnot found. Please select a different ``--pdf-engine`` or installxelatex-- see also ``/usr/share/doc/pandoc/README.Debian

Install it as follows: 

sudo apt install texlive-xetex

Test it with the following command: 

xelatex --help

File `ctexhook.sty' not found.

The following error occurs: 

Error producing PDF.
! LaTeX Error: File `ctexhook.sty' not found.

Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
or enter new name. (Default extension: sty)

Enter file name:
! Emergency stop.
<read *>

l.55 \prg_new_conditional:Npnn

Install CJK for LaTex: 

sudo apt install latex-cjk-all

Setting page margins

Using the command line: 

pandoc -V geometry:margin=2cm ...

Markdown syntax

Center alignment 

```{=latex}
\begin{center}

<p markdown="1">
와
</p>
```markdown
```{=latex}
\end{center}

<p markdown="1">
사이에 입력한 내용은 모두 중앙 정렬된다.
</p>
<h3 markdown="1">
이미지 크기 조절
</h3>
```markdown
![서버 하드웨어 사양](./docs/settings-about.jpg){width=90%}

New page 

```{=latex}
\newpage

<h2 markdown="1">
[YAML Style Meta-Data](YAML_frontmatter.md)
</h2>
<ul markdown="1">
<li markdown="1">
[Writing Your Docs - MkDocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/writing-your-docs/#yaml-style-meta-data)
</li>

</ul>
<p markdown="1">
[YAML전방주석](YAML_frontmatter.md) ([YAML Front Matter](YAML_frontmatter.md)) 에 대한 내용이다.
</p>
```yaml
---
title: My Document
summary: A brief description of my document.
authors:
    - Waylan Limberg
    - Tom Christie
date: 2018-07-10
some_url: https://example.com
---

Pandoc AST

Guidelines for writing a decent spec document for external release

For a Spec document PDF meant for external delivery, the key is a professional layout + table of contents + cover page.

The Pandoc + Eisvogel template combination is recommended.

  • Markdown → LaTeX → PDF conversion
  • Automatic generation of cover page, table of contents, page numbers, and header/footer
  • Clean rendering of tables, code blocks, and diagrams
  • Automated builds possible through CI/CD integration 
## 설치
sudo apt install pandoc texlive-xetex texlive-lang-cjk

## Eisvogel 템플릿 설치
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/pandoc/templates
## https://github.com/Wandmalfarbe/pandoc-latex-template 에서 다운로드
## 또는 https://github.com/enhuiz/eisvogel 에서 릴리즈 ZIP 파일 다운로드 받고, "eisvogel.latex" 파일 1개를 복사하면 된다.

# 변환
pandoc 13_ai_platform_interface_summary_draft.md \
    -o 13_ai_platform_interface_summary.pdf \
    --template eisvogel \
    --pdf-engine=xelatex \
    -V mainfont="NanumBarunGothic" \
    -V sansfont="NanumBarunGothic" \
    -V monofont="NanumGothicCoding" \
    -V lang=ko \
    --toc \
    --toc-depth=3 \
    -V titlepage=true \
    -V titlepage-color="0D47A1" \
    -V titlepage-text-color="FFFFFF"

If you add metadata at the top of the Markdown file, the cover page is generated automatically: 

---
title: "AI 플랫폼 인터페이스 요약서"
subtitle: "v1.0.0 | Draft"
author: "지오소프트"
date: "2026-03-26"
---

Supported file formats

Input formats

The input format with the most support is an extended version of Markdown. Notwithstanding, pandoc can also read in the following formats:

  • Creole
  • DocBook
  • EPUB
  • FictionBook (FB2)
  • Haddock
  • HTML
  • Jira wiki markup
  • Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS)
  • JSON
  • LaTeX
  • Lightweight markup language
  • man
  • Markdown: Strict, CommonMark, GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM), MultiMarkdown (MMD) and Markdown Extra (PHP Extra) variants
  • OpenDocument (ODT)
  • OPML
  • Office Open XML: Microsoft Word variant
  • Org-mode
  • reStructuredText
  • Textile
  • txt2tags (t2t)
  • Wiki markup: MediaWiki, Muse, TikiWiki, TWiki and Vimwiki variants

Output formats

Pandoc can create files in the following output formats, which are not necessarily the same set of formats as the input formats:

  • AsciiDoc
  • ConTeXt
  • DocBook: Versions 4 and 5
  • EPUB: Versions 2 and 3
  • FictionBook (FB2)
  • Haddock
  • HTML: HTML4 and HTML5 variants, respectively compliant with XHTML 1.0 Transitional and XHTML Strict
  • InDesign ICML
  • Jira wiki markup
  • Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS)
  • JSON
  • LaTeX
  • man
  • Markdown: Strict, CommonMark, GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM), MultiMarkdown (MMD) and Markdown Extra (PHP Extra) variants
  • OpenDocument (ODT/ODF)
  • OPML
  • Office Open XML: Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint variants
  • Org-mode
  • PDF (needs a third-party add-on like ConTeXt, pdfroff, wkhtmltopdf, weasyprint or prince)
  • Plain text
  • reStructuredText
  • Rich Text Format (RTF)
  • TEI
  • Texinfo
  • Textile
  • Web-based slideshows: LaTeX Beamer, Slideous, Slidy, DZSlides, reveal.js and S5 variants
  • Wiki markup: DokuWiki, MediaWiki, Muse, TikiWiki, TWiki and Vimwiki variants

Examples

HTML Output: 

pandoc test.md -f markdown -t html -s -o test.html

MS Word Output: 

pandoc test.md -f markdown -t docx -s -o test.docx

PDF Output: 

pandoc test.md -o test.pdf

PDF Output with Font: 

pandoc test.md -o test.pdf --pdf-engine=xelatex -V mainfont="Nanum Gothic"
pandoc test.md -f markdown -t pdf --pdf-engine=xelatex -V CJKmainfont="바탕" -o test.pdf

Markdown to MediaWiki 

pandoc -f markdown -t mediawiki note.md -o note.txt

Troubleshooting

unexpected end of input 

Pandoc died with exitcode "64" during conversion: Error at "/home/your/Project/mwfilter/cache/16387.wiki" (line 23, column 1):
unexpected end of input

An exit code 64 error from Pandoc usually means there is a problem with the input file. The "unexpected end of input" message indicates a syntactic or formatting problem in the file. In this case, the problem is in the /home/your/Project/mwfilter/cache/16387.wiki file.

Possible causes of this error include:

  • Unclosed tag pairs: if elements such as lists, code blocks, or headers are not closed properly, the parser may reach an unexpected end.
    • For example, this happens when a Tag pair like ... is mismatched; in many cases you need to check all TAG pairs before the line printed in the log.
  • File corruption: the file may be incomplete or corrupted. If possible, compare it with a backup file or regenerate the file.
  • Missing or malformed Korean: YAML 전방 주석: if the document uses YAML metadata, make sure it is formatted correctly and that its end is handled properly.
  • Wrong encoding: make sure the file uses a supported text encoding (usually UTF-8).

Solutions:

  • Open the file in a text editor and look for obvious formatting errors around line 23.
  • Regenerate the .wiki file, or check that its content is correct before conversion.

See also

Favorite site

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