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GeoJSON

lastmod 2026-03-25created 2019-11-119 edits

GeoJSON is an open standard format designed to systematically represent geographic features based on points with location information. It is a file format that uses JSON, JavaScript Object Notation.

It features geographic features geocoded from points in a geographic coordinate system (addresses and locations), LineStrings (strings holding information such as streets, highways, and boundaries) or polylines, polygons (countries, cities, land), and collections made of multiple parts of these types. GeoJSON features do not have to represent only entities in the physical world. For example, mobile routing and navigation applications can use GeoJSON to describe their service coverage. Also, just as GPX is used as a tool for sharing route information for specific purposes, it can be used for route and directions data, for example for mountain climbing or mountain biking.

The GeoJSON format differs from other GIS standards in that it is written and maintained not by a formal standards organization but by a working group under the Internet Engineering Task Force, but together with the XML-based GPX it is used as a de facto standard. One characteristic is that while common services such as Google Maps and OpenStreetMap use [latitude, longitude] notation, GeoJSON supports the [longitude, latitude] notation recommended by WGS 84. GeoJSON encodes geospatial topology and typically has smaller file sizes.

A notable offshoot of GeoJSON is TopoJSON.

CRS:84 projection

In regards to your first question, EPSG:2180 is a Polish projection based on Transverse Mercator. CRS:84 is equivalent to EPSG:4326 - ie, basic WGS84 degrees.

http://mapserver.org/ogc/wms_server.html#coordinate-systems-and-axis-orientation

Libraries

PyPi - geojson
https://pypi.org/project/geojson/
GeoPandas
GeoPandas is an open source project to make working with geospatial data in python easier.

See also

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