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GNU

lastmod 2026-09-22created 2014-01-1122 edits

GNU (pronounced 'g-noo') is a Unix-like computer operating system developed through the GNU Project, with the ultimate goal of becoming a "complete Unix-compatible software system". Richard Stallman first started developing GNU in 1983, and it was originally the centerpiece of the Free Software Foundation (FSF), but no stable release of GNU had come out as of November 2010.

GNU is an abbreviation of the English sentence "GNU's Not UNIX", meaning "GNU is not Unix", and is a recursive acronym that contains itself in the original sentence. Stallman suggests pronouncing GNU as 'g-noo'. Unix was already a widely used proprietary software operating system, and since the Unix architecture had been proven technically reliable, the GNU system was made to be compatible with Unix. The Unix architecture allows individual components to be written separately. It also had the advantage of being able to use already publicly available software such as the typesetting software TeX and the X Window System.

Categories

Gnu Software Packages

Gnu software packages (Also includes items not in the GNU software list.)

3dldf, a2ps, acct, acm, adns, aetherspace, alive, anubis, archimedes, aris, aspell, auctex, autoconf, autoconf-archive, autogen, automake, avl, ballandpaddle, barcode, bash, bayonne, bazaar, bc, bfd, binutils, bison, bool, bpel2owfn, c-graph, ccache, ccaudio, ccrtp, ccscript, cflow, cgicc, chess, cim, classpath, classpathx, clisp, cobol, combine, commoncpp, complexity, config, coreutils, cpio, cppi, cssc, dap, dc, ddd, ddrescue, dejagnu, denemo, dia, dico, diction, diffutils, dionysus, dismal, djgpp, dmd, dominion, dotgnu, dotgnu-forum, dotgnu-pnet, dr-geo, ed, edma, electric, emacs, emacs-muse, emms, enscript, eprints, epsilon, fdisk, ferret, findutils, fontutils, freedink, freefont, freeipmi, freetalk, fribidi, gama, garpd, gawk, gcal, gcc, gcide, gcl, gcompris, gdb, gdbm, gengen, gengetopt, gettext, gforth, ggradebook, ghostscript, gift, gimp, gleem, glib, global, glpk, glue, gmediaserver, gmorph, gmp, gnash, gnat, gnats, gnatsweb, gnome, gnowsys, gnu-arch, gnu-c-manual, gnu-crypto, gnu-queue, gnuae, gnubatch, gnubg, gnubiff, gnubik, gnucap, gnucash, gnucomm, gnue, gnufm, gnugo, gnuit, gnujdoc, gnujump, gnukart, gnulib, gnumach, gnumed, gnumeric, gnump3d, gnun, gnunet, gnupg, gnupod, gnuprologjava, gnuradio, gnurobots, gnuschool, gnushogi, gnuskies, gnusound, gnuspeech, gnuspool, gnustandards, gnustep, gnutls, gnutrition, gnuzilla, goldwater, goodbye, goptical, gorm, gpaint, gperf, gprolog, grabcomics, greg, grep, gretl, groff, grub, gsasl, gsegrafix, gsl, gsrc, gss, gtick, gtk+, gtypist, guile, guile-dbi, guile-gnome, guile-gtk, guile-ncurses, guile-rpc, gurgle, gv, gvpe, gxmessage, gzip, halifax, health, hello, help2man, hp2xx, httptunnel, hurd, hyperbole, icecat, idutils, ignuit, indent, inetutils, intlfonts, jacal, java-getopt, jdresolve, jel, jpeginfo, jwhois, kawa, kopi, lastlog, leg, less, ld, ldconfig, libc (glibc), libcdio, libextractor, libffcall, libgcrypt, libiconv, libidn, libmatheval, libmicrohttpd, libredwg, librejs, libsigsegv, libtasn1, libtool, libunistring, libxmi, lightning, lilypond, linux-libre, liquidwar6, lispintro, logrotate, lrzsz, lsh, m4, macchanger, mailman, mailutils, make, marst, maverik, mc, mcron, mcsim, mdk, mediagoblin, melting, metaexchange, metahtml, mifluz, mig, miscfiles, mit-scheme, moe, motti, mpc, mpfr, mtools, myserver, nana, nano, ncurses, nettle, network, ocrad, octave, oleo, orgadoc, osip, packaging, panorama, paperclips, parallel, parted, pascal, patch, paxutils, pcb, pdf, pem, pexec, pgccfd, phantom_home, phpgroupware, pies, pipo, pkg-config, plotutils, polyxmass, powerguru, proxyknife, pspp, psychosynth, pth, pythonwebkit, qexo, quickthreads, r, radius, rcs, readline, recutils, reftex, rottlog, rpge, rush, samba, sane, sather, scm, screen, sed, sendmail, serveez, sharutils, shishi, shmm, shtool, sipwitch, slib, smalltalk, smarteiffel, snakecharmer, social, solfege, sort, sourceinstall, spacechart, speex, spell, split, sqltutor, src-highlite, stalkerfs, stow, stump, superopt, swbis, systemctl, sysutils, talkfilters, tar, tee, termcap, termutils, teseq, teximpatient, texinfo, texmacs, thales, time, tramp, trans-coord, trueprint, units, unzip, unrtf, userv, uucp, vc-changelog, vc-dwim, vcdimager, vera, vmgen, vmslib, vsftpd, w3, wb, wdiff, websocket4j, webstump, wget, which, womb, xaos, xargs, xboard, xhippo, xlogmaster, xmlat, xnee, xorriso, zile

System Administration

System Administration

lsblk, fsck, fdisk, blkid

Basic Unix Commands

Basic UNIX Commands (List of Basic UNIX Commands)

alias, apropos, apt-get, aptitude, aspell, at, awk, basename, bash, bc, bg, break, builtin, bzip2, cal, case, cat, cd, cfdisk, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chkconfig, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, command, continue, cp, cron, crontab, csplit, cut, date, dc, dd, ddrescue, declare, df, diff, diff3, dig, dir, dircolors, dirname, dirs, dmesg, du, echo, egrep, eject, enable, env, ethtool, eval, exec, exit, expect, expand, export, expr, false, fdformat, fdisk, fg, fgrep, file, find, fmt, fold, for, format, free, fsck, ftp, function, fuser, gawk, getopts, grep, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, groups, gzip, hash, head, help, history, hostname, iconv, id, if, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, import, install, iptables, jobs, join, kill, killall, less, let, ln, local, locate, logname, logout, look, lpc, lpr, lprint, lprintd, lprintq, lprm, ls, lsof, make, makefile, man, mkdir, mkfifo, mkisofs, mknod, more, mount, mtools, mtr, mv, mmv, netstat, nice, nl, nohup, notify-send, nslookup, od, open, op, passwd, paste, pathchk, ping, pkill, popd, pr, printcap, printenv, printf, ps, pushd, pwd, quota, quotacheck, quotactl, ram, rcp, read, readarray, readonly, reboot, rename, renice, remsync, return, rev, rlogin, rm, rmdir, rpm, rsh, rsync, screen, scp, sdiff, sed, select, seq, set, sftp, shift, shopt, shutdown, sleep, slocate, sort, source, split, ssh, strace, su, sudo, sum, suspend, symlink, sync, tail, tar, tee, test, time, times, touch, top, traceroute, trap, tr, true, tsort, tty, type, ulimit, umask, umount, unalias, uname, unexpand, uniq, units, unset, unshar, until, updatedb, uptime, useradd, userdel, usermod, users, uuencode, uudecode, v, vdir, vi (vim), vmstat, wait, watch, wc, whereis, which, while, who, whoami, wget, write, xargs, xd-open, yes, yum, zip, ., <code>

Command Line Tools

Text

Common

grep, sed, awk, cat, xargs, rev, tee, ack, tr, stdbuf, split

Diff

diff, patch

Cutting

cut, head, tail, less, more, split, watch

Sort

uniq, sort

Hash

base64, md5sum, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum

Clipboard

clip (Windows), pbcopy (Mac OSX), pbpaste (Mac OSX), xclip (Debian)

E.T.C

regexp, parallel

User Management

Communication

write, wall, mesg, mail, biff, who, w, last

User

adduser, useradd, passwd, deluser, userdel, chpass, chfn, chsh, usermod

Group

gpasswd, addgroup, groupadd, groupmod, delgroup, groupdel

E.T.C

Linux:User, /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group

Filesystem

Common

ls, readlink, realpath

E.T.C

Filesystem

Logging

Login/Logout

last, lastlog, lastb

Logging

logrotate

Monitoring

watch

E.T.C

Linux

Network

Network

netcfg, netstat, nc, ifconfig, tcpdump, iftop, route, ping, nslookup, iPerf, socat

E.T.C

Linux:Network

Hardware

Hardware (CLI)

lscpu, lshw, hwinfo, lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, Inxi, lsblk, df, Pydf, fdisk, mount, umount, free, dmidecode, hdparm

Hardware (GUI)

hardinfo

Filesystem

lsof, lsblk, fsck, fdisk, blkid, du, df

Bluetooth

hciattach, hciconfig, hcitool, bluetoothctl, rfkill

Keyboard

showkey

E.T.C

Hardware, Linux:Hardware

Binary

Binary

otool, objdump, nm, rebase, fallocate

Build

ld

E.T.C

GNU Binutils

Mutual Exclusion

Common

flock

E.T.C

mutex

System

Module

lsmod, insmod, rmmod

Logging

dmesg

E.T.C

OS, Linux:Kernel:Module

Terminal

tty

watch

E.T.C

See also

Favorite site

References


  1. Korea.gnu.org.zip ↩

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