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Copyright

lastmod 2021-06-16created 2014-05-0310 edits

Copyright (著作權) is the exclusive legal right that the creator (author) of a creative work has over their work, and it is recognized in many countries. Copyright aims to advance culture by protecting the rights of creators. As provided by law, the copyright holder can permit or prohibit others' use of the work, such as reproduction, performance, exhibition, broadcasting, and transmission. Copyright is a type of intellectual property right and is divided into moral rights and economic rights. The content of copyright differs from country to country, and international law is based on the Berne Convention.

The symbols ©, (C), or (c) are sometimes used to indicate copyright.

Explains how to write a copyright notice.

As an example, take the case where a company called COMNAME writes the following copyright notice. 

Copyright 2017. 창작자. All rights reserved.
  • Copyright means copyright, which protects the expression of an idea rather than the idea itself. Copyright, ⓒ, and (C) all mean the same thing, so be careful not to write them redundantly.
    • The year of creation must be written after Copyright for it to have legal effect.
  • All rights reserved. indicates that all rights are reserved, prohibiting use without the owner's permission.
  • A period must be placed at the end of the text.

Inaccurate information:

  • Company Limited by shares refers to a stock company.
    • The English is abbreviated as Co.,LTD..
    • . (period) indicates an abbreviation.
    • , (comma) is used to append unimportant words after it.
    • So Co., includes an abbreviation and unimportant words.
    • LTD. is an abbreviation of Limited.

Co., Ltd. vs Inc. vs Crop. vs PLC vs LLC

I have found that many people, even professional translators and Korean lawyers handling international work, use absurd expressions when writing "stock company" in English. A stock company is expressed in English by adding "Inc." (after the company name). So ㈜ UW Translation Agency should be written in English as United World Visa Translation, Inc. Even so, many people and most companies use the expression Co., Ltd. (In fact, even Korea's top companies use it.) However, "Co., Ltd." is the term for a limited company (Limited Company). Legally, there is a very big difference between a limited company and a stock company. First, a limited company is mainly used to mean a small "Mom and pa" business. Also, in a limited company the liability of "members" is (generally) unlimited, whereas shareholders of a stock company bear only limited liability up to their capital contribution. Despite this huge difference, (for reasons I simply cannot understand) people use the expression limited company (Co.,Ltd.). Recently, while translating the articles of incorporation and contracts of a stock company into English, I used "Inc. (i.e., incorporated)" since the client was clearly a stock company, and the person in charge at the client called to complain. I had to hang on the phone for over 30 minutes explaining. As far as I know, there is no large Korean company that is not a stock company. Yet most companies call themselves limited companies. I hope you all understand the difference between the two, and that those of you who later run your own business will not use absurd expressions.

  • Co. is company
  • Inc. is incorporated
  • Ltd. is limited
  • Co. is simply written after the company name.
  • Inc. and Ltd. both mean a limited liability company.
  • However, Inc. is mainly used in the US and Ltd. mainly in the UK.
  • When used with a company name, Co. is sometimes omitted and only Inc. or Ltd. is written.
    • ex) Monster Inc.
  • Also, the English name in the articles of incorporation does not have to include the words above. Some just write the company name in English, and some write all the words above as well. It is the company's choice and has no effect whatsoever on incorporation.

References

There are stock companies (株式會社) and limited companies (有限會社). Since laws and organizations differ by country, there is no exact English translation. In Japan it is common to call a company "00 stock company," but in English a stock company is called a joint stock company, which is not used in company names and is rarely used even as a common noun in newspaper articles and the like. a company or a corporation is used. Even among stock companies, company names vary. Examples are endless: International Business Machines Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Toray Industrial Incorporated, Honda Motor Co., Ltd, Hitachi Limited, and so on. Corporation (Corp.), Incorporated (Inc.), Company (Co.), Company, Incorporated (Co., Inc.), Company, Limited (Co., Ltd.), Limited (Ltd.), etc. are used in the US and Japan. Which one to use is a matter of each company's way of thinking or taste, but in Japan there have been notable cases of changing Co., Ltd., which was the most common, to Corporation (Corp.). Corporation and Incorporated indicate registration as a legal entity, and Limited indicates that liability for debts is limited to the extent of one's equity stake or shareholding, with no need to bear liability beyond that. Recently, more British companies attach Plc. This is an abbreviation of public limited company, meaning a stock company whose shares are publicly listed (in other words, anyone can buy its shares). The word corporate was used first in this chapter, and it is an important word used in a great many cases. Broadly, it has usages meaning enterprise, legal entity, and business in general. corporate results is corporate performance, corporate profits is corporate earnings, the corporate society is corporate society, and corporate community is the corporate world (the business world). corporate philanthrophy refers to a company donating to or actively engaging in welfare projects, cultural activities, and the like. corporate management is business management, and a corporate manager is a business executive. a corporate customer is a corporate client, a corporate account is a corporate account, and corporate membership is corporate membership; in this case corporate expresses the concept of a legal entity (usually a company) as opposed to an individual (an individual). the corporate community can also be called the business community, but it is used to mean business as opposed to fields other than business. corporate interests are the interests of the business world. corporate executives are the executives of companies (the business world).

See also

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References

  1. Copyright_Guide_for_Solo_Media_Creators_2019.pdf ↩

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