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Character encoding

lastmod 2022-12-08created 2019-01-212 edits

Character encoding, or simply encoding, refers to a method of encoding a set of characters or symbols for storage on a computer or for use in communication. A code that is produced through character encoding and that, when decoded, stands for the original character or symbol is called a character code. Typical examples of character encoding include Morse code, which represents the Latin alphabet by pressing a telegraph key for long or short durations, and ASCII, a method of representing the Latin alphabet, digits, special characters, and so on as integers and their corresponding 7-bit binary numbers.

In the early days of computing, character sets such as ASCII (1963) and EBCDIC (1964) became established as standards. The limitations of these character sets were obvious, and numerous ad hoc methods were developed. Support for multiple scripts (languages), including East Asian CJK scripts, was urgently needed.

Libraries

Table of Character encodings

Table of Character encodings

Early telecommunications

ASCII, ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 6937, T.61, BCD (6-bit), Baudot code, Morse code, Chinese telegraph code

ISO/IEC 8859

-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16

Bibliographic use

ANSEL, ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822, MARC-8

National standards

ArmSCII, CNS 11643, GOST 10859, GB 2312, HKSCS, ISCII, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212, JIS X 0213, KPS 9566, KS X 1001, PASCII, TIS-620, TSCII, VISCII, YUSCII

EUC

CN, JP, KR, TW

ISO/IEC 2022

CN, JP, KR, CCCII

MacOS codepages ("scripts")

Arabic, CentralEurRoman, ChineseSimp / EUC-CN, ChineseTrad / Big5, Croatian, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Dingbats, Farsi, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Icelandic, Japanese / ShiftJIS, Korean / EUC-KR, Roman, Romanian, Symbol, Thai / TIS-620, Turkish, Ukrainian

DOS codepages

437, 720, 737, 775, 850, 852, 855, 857, 858, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 869, Kamenicky, Mazovia, MIK, Iran System

Windows codepages

874 / TIS-620, 932 / Shift JIS, 936 / GBK, 949/ EUC-KR, 950 / Big5, 1250, 1251, 1252 (ANSI), 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 54936 / GB18030

EBCDIC codepages

37/1140, 273/1141, 277/1142, 278/1143, 280/1144, 284/1145, 285/1146, 297/1147, 420/16804, 424/12712, 500/1148, 838/1160, 871/1149, 875/9067, 930/1390, 933/1364, 937/1371, 935/1388, 939/1399, 1025/1154, 1026/1155, 1047/924, 1112/1156, 1122/1157, 1123/1158, 1130/1164, JEF, KEIS

Platform specific

ATASCII, CDC display code, DEC-MCS, DEC Radix-50, Fieldata, GSM 03.38, HP roman8, PETSCII, TI calculator character sets, WISCII, ZX Spectrum character set

Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646

UTF-8, UTF-16/UCS-2, UTF-32/UCS-4, UTF-7, UTF-1, UTF-EBCDIC, GB 18030, SCSU, BOCU-1

Miscellaneous codepages

APL, Cork, HZ, IBM code page 1133, KOI8, TRON

Related topics

control character (C0 C1), CCSID, Character encodings in HTML, charset detection, Han unification, ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64, mojibake

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References

  1. Hello_world_»_Korean_encoding_01.pdf ↩

  2. Hello_world_»_Korean_encoding_02.pdf ↩

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